However, much of this growth has come from cash flows diverted from ordinary Kenyan pockets at the microeconomic level through targeted monetary and fiscal measures coupled with poor management, corruption, massive theft of public funds, overlegislation, and an ineffective judiciary, resulting in diminished incomes in ordinary households and small businesses, unemployment, underemployment, and general discontent across multiple sectors. [197] The infant mortality rate was high at approximately 44 deaths per 1,000 children in 2012. Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic, in which elected officials represent the people and the president is the head of state and government. Reports of sexual assault are not always taken seriously. [194] Indigenous beliefs are practised by 0.7% of the population, although many self-identifying Christians and Muslims maintain some traditional beliefs and customs. There are 15 airports which have paved runways. Kenya's capital and largest city is Nairobi, while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa. 30—Slavery, servitude and [65] A ceasefire was eventually reached with the signature of the Arusha Memorandum in October 1967, but relative insecurity prevailed through 1969. Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. Executive power is exercised by the government. The North Eastern Province of Kenya, formerly known as NFD, is predominantly inhabited by the indigenous ethnic Somalis. In May 1953, General Sir George Erskine took charge as commander-in-chief of the colony's armed forces, with the personal backing of Winston Churchill.[58]. The governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France also collectively issued a press statement cautioning about the law's potential impact. Although it held on to power, KANU won 100 seats and lost 88 seats to the six opposition parties. Nonreligious Kenyans make up 1.6% of the population. See The Standard Kenya's 'new' fighter jets cannot take off INTERNET, de Blij, Harm. [79][81], The elections of 1992 marked the beginning of multiparty politics after more than 25 years of rule by KANU. [83], In 1996, KANU revised the constitution to allow Moi to remain president for another term. Kenya as Mt. Drum beats are very complex and include both native rhythms and imported ones, especially the Congolese cavacha rhythm. [112] However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC). [19], The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya. Mwai Kibaki became the first president to serve under this new constitution while Uhuru Kenyatta became the first president elected under this constitution. [207] They became more economically dependent on men. Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product (GDP) after the service sector. The effects of these climatic changes have made already existing challenges with water security, food security and economic growth even more difficult. The Republic of Kenya shall be a multi-party democratic State founded on the national values and principles of governance referred to in Article 10. They probably came from Kenya", "Cement production keeps pace with growing demand", "Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises", "Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation", "Peak Demands - Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics", Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017, Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy, "Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port", "Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended", NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched, BBC News – Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling, "China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya", "The Invisible Child Worker in Kenya: The Intersection of Poverty, Legislation and Culture", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Why a new president may slow population growth, "Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out)", "Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up", "World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood", "Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax", "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume III: Distribution of Population by Age and Sex", Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions, The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News, "World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 - QuakerInfo.com", "Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008", "AIC Mission Hospital Kapsowar Official Website", WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011, CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings, "IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer", Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09, "WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices", "Women's participation in the kenyan society", "MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report", "Government to review Early Childhood Development policy", "Kenya National Adult Literacy Survey report", "Varsity expansion blamed for half-baked graduates", On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry, "Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes", "Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence | Kenya Page Blog", "Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards |", "Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title", "HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore", FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut, "Fast food finds fans in sub-Sahara Africa, where obesity problem is growing", US fast food chain to open first Kenya outlet in August – Money Markets, "Sonford Fish And Chips – Sonford Fish And Chips in Kenya Info Provided by Postel Yellowpages", Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business, Official website of the Parliament of Kenya, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Kenya, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenya&oldid=998727681, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, States and territories established in 1963, Swahili-speaking countries and territories, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2011, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Party of independent Candidates of Kenya (PICK), $41.84 billion (2012) at Market Price. Eligibility criteria: the general criteria might include gender as in the case of special women's loans; being at least 18 years old; owning a valid Kenyan ID; having a business; demonstrating the ability to repay the loan; and being a customer of the institution. The 1983 elections were held a year early, and were a direct result of a failed military coup on 2 August 1982. THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY FINAL REPORT VOLUME - II … Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics: six gold, four silver, and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. [171] Kenya has ratified Convention No. The word benga is occasionally used to refer to any kind of pop music. As of May 2011[update], economic prospects are positive with 4–5% GDP growth expected, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction, and a recovery in agriculture. The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan, which was used to both reward loyalists and punish Mau Mau. Completely cut off from Germany, von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign, living off the land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated. The new constitution also states that executive powers are exercised by the executive branch of government, headed by the president, who chairs the cabinet that is composed of people chosen from outside parliament. Kenya has no single prominent culture that identifies it. Previous research on early hominids is particularly identified with Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey, who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill. Irrigation is carried out on individual or on group farms averaging 0.1–0.4 ha. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is ranked 4th in Africa in terms of market capitalisation. New York Times. By the first millennium AD, Bantu-speaking farmers had moved into the region, initially along the coast. Kenya's economy is the largest in eastern and central Africa,[16][17] with Nairobi serving as a major regional commercial hub. THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALTH KENYA COVID-19 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROJECT (P173820) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN (SEP) MAY 2020 2 … According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Later work at the former site was undertaken by Glynn Isaac. Islam is the second largest religion, comprising 10.9% of the population. Kenya also has a cement production industry. Median age at first marriage increases with increasing education. They won the inaugural World Cricket League Division 1 hosted in Nairobi and participated in the World T20. Under the new constitution and with President Kibaki prohibited by term limits from running for a third term, Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta ran for office. About 25,000 tonnes of ilmenite was flagged off the Kenyan coastal town of Kilifi. The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963, with independence being conferred on all of Kenya. In the motor rallying arena, Kenya is home to the world-famous Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world. Available from: Kenya's Costly ‘Stability’. Traditional healers (herbalists, witch doctors, and faith healers) are readily available, trusted, and widely consulted as practitioners of first or last choice by both rural and urban dwellers. Primarily consisting of a mixture of Kiswahili and English, it is an example of linguistic code-switching. [20] The Agikuyu, who inhabit the slopes of Mt. Kivoi told him "Kĩ-Nyaa" or "Kĩĩma- Kĩĩnyaa", probably because the pattern of black rock and white snow on its peaks reminded him of the feathers of the male ostrich. [199], Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level. Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. $76.07 billion (Purchasing Power Parity, 2012), small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminium, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism, tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products, cement, fish, machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics, emergency loans, which are more expensive in respect to interest rates, but are quickly available, group loans for smaller groups (4–5 members) and larger groups (up to 30 members), women's loans, which are also available to groups of women. Agriculture and Technology. Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in Eastern Africa. The "long rains" season occurs from March/April to May/June. The highlands are bisected by the Great Rift Valley, with a fertile plateau lying to the east. The country has an extensive network of paved and unpaved roads. [119] Kenya is one of the most pro-American nations in Africa, and the wider world. [79][80][81] This election was a turning point for Kenya as it signified the beginning of the end of Moi's leadership and the rule of KANU. [77] This was seen as the climax of a very undemocratic regime and it led to widespread agitation for constitutional reform. With a population of more than 47.6 million people in the 2019 census,[11] Kenya is the 29th most populous country. In November The British began counter-insurgency operations. The Republic of Kenya The Attorney General, with several interested parties like the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Jubilee Coalition with the Law Society of Kenya and the Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution standing in as friends of the court (Amicus Curiae). [59] The Home Guard formed the core of the government's strategy as it was composed of loyalist Africans, not foreign forces such as the British Army and King's African Rifles. There are about 3,000 smallholder irrigation schemes covering a total area of 47,000 ha. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviours including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. It is the fictional memoir of a Kenyan of Indian heritage and his family as they adjust to the changing political climates in colonial and post-colonial Kenya. This would create a direct and robust delivery framework for the Action Plan and ensure climate change is treated as an economy-wide issue.[168]. With a GNI of 1,460,[15] Kenya is a lower-middle-income economy. M.G. Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara[108] in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies. The current Kenya Defence Forces were established, and its composition laid out, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; the KDF is governed by the Kenya Defence Forces Act of 2012. [86], Moi's plan to be replaced by Uhuru Kenyatta failed, and Mwai Kibaki, running for the opposition coalition "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), was elected president. 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security—an important catalyst of economic growth). [57], From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was in a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British rule. Students sit examinations in eight subjects of their choosing. Cricket is another popular sport, also ranking as the most successful team sport. It resulted in an economic crisis propagated by ethnic violence as the president was accused of rigging electoral results to retain power. Rape, defilement, and battering are not always seen as serious crimes. It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviours is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains (such as at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco and Florisbad in South Africa), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviours had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of the species Homo sapiens. [2], Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal, and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas. The country has a multi-party political system whose hallmark is parliamentary democracy. Their acquisitions in the Central, Rift Valley, and Coast Provinces aroused great anger among landless Kenyans. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. This election was marked by large-scale intimidation of opponents, as well as harassment of election officials. [212] There are very wide regional disparities: for example, Nairobi had the highest level of literacy at 87.1 per cent, compared to North Eastern Province, the lowest, at 8.0 per cent. There are also a number of local hip-hop artists, including Jua Cali; Afro-pop bands such as Sauti Sol; and musicians who play local genres like Benga, such as Akothee. [66][67] To discourage further invasions, Kenya signed a defence pact with Ethiopia in 1969, which is still in effect. The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. Available from: The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET, The Standard Sh 1.6 billion tender rocks the DoD INTERNET, For example the decision to acquire ex-Jordanian F5 fighter aircraft. New York Times. It instead consists of the various cultures of the country's different communities. [206] [186] It has been developing since colonisation and also contains certain elements of American English. Under the presidency of Mwai Kibaki, the new ruling coalition promised to focus its efforts on generating economic growth, combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its constitution. Kenya has a number of media outlets that broadcast domestically and globally. (eds. Tel. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege. The service industry is also a major economic driver, particularly tourism. Kenya has close ties with its fellow Swahili-speaking neighbours in the African Great Lakes region. The government of the Republic of Kenya has fully automated the issuance of visa with effect from January 1, 2021. Locations are usually named after their central villages/towns. They also participated in the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. The Kenya Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. [79] Following skirmishes in the aftermath of the elections, 5,000 people were killed and a further 75,000 others displaced from their homes. It did not come into widespread official use during the early colonial period, when the country was referred to as the East African Protectorate. [50] In between, they have the 10-o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 p.m. tea (chai ya saa kumi). Ministry of Interior and Co-ordination of National Government Cabinet Secretary: Hon. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o is one of the best known writers in Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. Despite major achievements in the health sector, Kenya still faces many challenges. As of late July 2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial banks (down from 48 in 2001) and several non-bank financial institutions including mortgage companies, four savings and loan associations, and several core foreign-exchange bureaus.[143]. [90], In mid-2011, two consecutive missed rainy seasons precipitated the worst drought in East Africa seen in 60 years. [204] Maternal mortality is high, partly because of female genital mutilation,[143] with about 27% of women having undergone it. With an area of 580,000 km², the country is somewhat larger than Metropolitan France or slightly more than twice the size of … Subsequently, Moi stood for re-election and won a 5th term in 1997. 29—Freedom and security of the person. [43][44] Since the 10th century, rulers of Kilwa would go on to build elaborate coral mosques and introduce copper coinage.[45]. Embassy of The Republic of Kenya Addis Ababa, Ethiopia To The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, The Republic of Djibouti and Permanent Mission to The African Union, IGAD and UNECA For Visa Information, click here.For Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. [84] His win was strongly criticised by his major opponents, Kibaki and Odinga, as being fraudulent. In 2016, the team beat Fiji at the Singapore Sevens finals, making Kenya the second African nation after South Africa to win a World Series championship. [63][64] In this way, Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom. [52] They and most of their descendants later remained in Kenya and formed the core of several distinct Indian communities such as the Ismaili Muslim and Sikh communities. [210], Basic formal education starts at age six and lasts 12 years, consisting of eight years in primary school and four in high school or secondary. [103], Kenya has considerable land area devoted to wildlife habitats, including the Masai Mara, where blue wildebeest and other bovids participate in a large-scale annual migration. It lies between latitudes 5°N and 5°S, and longitudes 34° and 42°E. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to … Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. An official probe into the atrocities was later ordered in 2011. [22][23][24] Some have said that this was a precise notation of the African pronunciation /ˈkɛnjə/. The colonial government decided to hold Kenya's first referendum in 1962 to check the willingness of Somalis in Kenya to join Somalia[60], The result of the referendum showed that 86% of Somalis in Kenya wanted to join Somalia, but the British colonial administration rejected the result and the Somalis remained in Kenya.[61][62]. The bicameral legislature consists of the 349-seat National Assembly and the 67-seat Senate, Most members are directly elected. [citation needed], The governor requested and obtained British and African troops, including the King's African Rifles. Malindi has traditionally been a friendly port city for foreign powers. [68], On 12 December 1964, the Republic of Kenya was proclaimed, and Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. [209], Children attend nursery school, or kindergarten in the private sector until they are five years old. Moi retained the presidency and George Saitoti became the vice-president. [146] The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. [181], Kenya has a diverse population that includes many of the major ethnoracial and linguistic groups found in Africa. Kenya's GDP had increased at a rate of 6.6 per cent a year, higher than the population growth rate of more than 3 per cent. Bass, guitar, and percussion are the usual instruments. [25] An 1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. The 1982 coup was masterminded by a low-ranking Air Force serviceman, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, and was staged mainly by enlisted men of the Air Force. Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia. (1982). Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid—for example in 2004, due to one of Kenya's intermittent droughts. Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin), continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has reduced this supremacy. Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. Orthodox Christianity counts 621,200 adherents. [83][85] Following this win, Moi was constitutionally barred from vying for another presidential term. [142] The important agricultural sector is one of the least developed and largely inefficient, employing 75% of the workforce compared to less than 3% in the food secure developed countries. [55] (one depiction of this period of change from one colonist's perspective is found in the memoir Out of Africa by Danish author Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, published in 1937). Following the defeat, Raila Odinga again petitioned the results in the Supreme Court, accusing the electoral commission of mismanagement of the elections and Uhuru Kenyatta and his party of rigging. [126] The President of Kenya is the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces. [103] Climate change has led to more frequent extreme weather events like droughts which last longer than usual, irregular and unpredictable rainfall, flooding and increasing temperatures. Tullow Oil estimates the country's oil reserves to be around one billion barrels. The hottest period is February and March, leading into the season of the long rains, and the coldest is in July, until mid-August. Kenyans divided » Capital News", Ludeki Chweya, John Kithome Tuta & S. Kichamu Akivaga 2005, "Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group", "Tourism, travel, and recreation - Kenya - area", "Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid", "Got roses this Valentine's Day? [122], Base Titanium, a subsidiary of Base resources of Australia, shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China. During the Mesolithic period (thence to c. 10,000 bce), new stone-tool-making techniques evolved, and the use of fire was mastered.. It was quickly suppressed by forces commanded by Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, a veteran Somali military official. The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world. Additionally, there are: Out of approximately 40 million Kenyans, about 14 million are not able to receive financial service through formal loan application services, and an additional 12 million have no access to financial service institutions at all. [26], East Africa, including Kenya, is one of the earliest regions where modern humans (Homo sapiens) are believed to have lived. A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles, and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country. Kenya is usually classified as a frontier market or occasionally an emerging market, but it is not one of the least developed countries. [92] The crisis was reportedly over by early 2012 because of coordinated relief efforts. More than 1 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras participate in the migration across the Mara River. This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 19:26. The culture of Kenya consists of multiple traditions. 24 institutions offer business loans on a large scale, specific agriculture loans, education loans, and loans for all other purposes. [63], Concurrently, the Kenyan army fought the Shifta War against ethnic Somali rebels inhabiting the Northern Frontier District who wanted to join their kin in the Somali Republic to the north. All three names have the same meaning.[21]. [134][135] According to a 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 90% of Kenyans believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society. [151], Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. [208] 27—Equality and freedom from discrimination. Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management, and poor leadership in the public health sector are largely to blame.